2022年河南省郑州市省级示范性高中高考英语5月模拟试卷

2022年河南省郑州市省级示范性高中高考英语模拟试卷（5月份）

A

Assistant Professor,Musical Theatre Dance
Wichita State University seeks a full-time,9-month assistant professor,beginning in August.Applicants are required to have a degree in dance area,teaching experience at a professional or college level,ability to direct and teach stage movement.The salary depends on qualifications and experience.
For complete information,visit http：//finearts.wichita.edu.
Full Professor in Theatre and Dance
The Department of Theatre & Dance at the University of California at San Diego （http：//www-theatre.uscd.edu） is seeking an experienced theatre artist in lighting design.Applicants must work for us for at least one year.Significant professional experience is required.This position is expected to teach at both graduate and undergraduate levels.
A review of applications will start on June 1st.Application deadline：September 1st.
Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts
De Sales University's Performing and Fine Arts Department seeks a highly skilled,professional technical director.The position is a 10-month staff position with the possibility of summer employment with the Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival.Professional experience is required；MFA is preferred.
Please email materials to john.bell@desales.edu.Screening of applications begins immediately and will continue until the position is filled.
Assistant Director- Media Resources Center
Maryland Institute College of Art is seeking an Assistant Director of Media Resources Center in the Academic Affairs Division.
Qualifications for the position include a degree in Art History or related fields with knowledge of art and design history,library experience,excellent interpersonal and communication skills and familiarity with photoshop and scanning.
A review of applications will begin immediately；job announcements will remain open until the position is filled.Applicants are required to work for us at least 11 months.They can send emails to jobs@mica.edu.The salary differs depending on your experience.Please include your desired salary in your application letter.

1.What are the requirements to be a full professor in Theatre and Dance？ ______

A. Having a graduate or undergraduate degree.
B. Bing able to teach stage movement.
C. Having much professional experience.
D. Being an experienced theatre artist in the dance area.

2.What should an applicant do if he wants to be a technical director？ ______

A. Contact jobs@mica.edu.
B. Contact john.bell@desales.edu.
C. Visit http：//www-theatre.ucsd.edu/.
D. Visit http：//finearts.wichita.edu.

3.Which of the following requires interpersonal and communication skills？ ______

A. Wichita State University.
B. The University of California.
C. De Sales University.
D. Maryland Institute College of Art.

B

Dave was a makeup artist who regularly held makeup artistry classes at the local community college.He was well known as an excellent trainer and enjoyed great popularity.Usually,the majority of his students were middle-aged housewives who wanted to fine-tune their makeup skills so as to make themselves more attractive.But this time,it was beyond him that his class was attended by a man as well.
The new student was a gentleman in his best years with a seemingly boundless interest in makeup artistry.He was keen to learn as much as he could and asked questions whenever and wherever possible.
Understandably,the man was the number one subject of conversation when the other women were alone.Guesses quickly started to spread.Why did he learn makeup？Was he to seek for a woman to be his life partner？Doubts like this came crowding in.
Throughout the lessons ignoring the curious women around him,the man carefully listened and wrote everything down he learned,leaving the women more and more curious and puzzled.When the day and class were slowly coming to an end,one of them couldn't resist her curiosity,so she picked up the courage and asked him why he was so interested in makeup artistry.What followed was a dead silence.After what seemed century,he said his beloved wife partially lost her eyesight because of diabetes and she was no longer able to apply her makeup.Fearing being laughed at,she locked herself in her room,abandoning herself to great grief.She was absolutely beautiful even without makeup.But what upset her was that she simply felt not comfortable leaving the home without makeup.Sensing her loneliness in a colorless world,he was also at a loss as to what to do.Once informed of this lass,he determined to learn to make up without the hesitation,hoping to make a difference.
So he decided to take the course to surprise her.He mastered a wide range of practical kills allowing him to help her take on a new look.Surely,being enveloped by an atmosphere of love,his beloved wife at present was deeply affected. "I'm not only want to learn how to apply her makeup,I want her to wear the most beautiful makeup so her inner beauty also shines on the outside," he announced. "It is her smile that touches most my heart,not the makeup."

4.What is the man's attitude towards those women's curiosity？ ______

A. Curious. B. Annoyed. C. Nervous. D. Indifferent.

5.What can we learn from the story？ ______

A. All the students who learnt to make up were teachers.
B. Dave cannot understand why the man learnt to make up as well.
C. The man thought his wife's happiness was less important than appearance.
D. Only when the man's wife wore the most beautiful makeup can he find her inner beauty.

6.Why did the man learn to make up？ ______

A. Because he intended to cheer his wife up.
B. Because he was to seek for a woman to be his partner.
C. Because he had a seemingly boundless interest in makeup artistry.
D. Because his beloved wife lost her eyesight and asked him to learn it.

7.What is probably the best title of this passage？ ______

A. Makeup artistry. B. The makeup guy.
C. Being kind to others. D. Makeup making beauty.

C

Next time you bear John Denver singing "Take Me Home,Country Roads" ---or hear the group Spank perform it in the short filmed advertisement for the video game Fallout 76，which has become a hit over the past year or so since it came out - keep in mind that it wasn't anywhere in West Virginia that inspired the great hit,but rather a road in Montgomery County.
Songwriter Bill Danoff,in a 1997 article he wrote for The Washington Post in memory of Denver,who'd just died,said he had begun writing the song while driving to a family reunion along Clopper Road,near Gaithersburg.He and his future wife,Taffy Nivert,completed the song in December 1970 with Denver's help. "Back then," Danoff wrote,Clopper Road "was still a country road".
The three first sang the song the following night at Washington D.C.'s The Cellar Door,where Denver was headlining. "When we first sang the song together," Danoff wrote, "it seemed as though the audience would never stop applauding.Next show,the same thing.We knew we had a hit."
In "Take Me Home," his 1994 autobiography（自传）Denver wrote,in the small hours of the morning,sometime between Christmas and New Year's Eve,in their basement apartment in Washington D.C.，we wrote "Take Me Home,Country Roads." It became my first Number One record.
No word on why Maryland lost out to West Virginia in the lyrics.Perhaps "Maryland" just doesn't sound like the countryside as its western neighbor.More likely,the three syllables（音节）that make up our state's name just don't fit the meter the songwriters had worked out.
Some sources suggest Denver considered using "Massachusetts" instead of "West Virginia".Good thing he didn't,or crazed Red Sox fans might be singing it between matches.A song to Massachusetts also would never have been named a state song of West Virginia,a status "Take Me Home,Country Roads" has enjoyed since 2014.

8.Which of the following offered Danoff the inspiration to write "Take Me Home,Country Roads"？ ______

A. West Virginia. B. Maryland.
C. a driving trip. D. his friend Denver.

9.What was the audience's reaction when they first heard "Take Me Home,Country Roads"？ ______

A. People all didn't fancy its lyrics.
B. Most people assumed that it was noisy.
C. They made bad comments on the singers.
D. They were all fascinated by it.

10.What is the main idea of the 5th paragraph？ ______

A. Why Maryland was abandoned.
B. Why the song was so popular.
C. More backgrounds of the singers.
D. A new way to understand the song.

11.What can be inferred about this song from the last paragraph？ ______

A. It is popular among Red Sox fans.
B. It is a state song of West Virginia.
C. It earned Denver a national award since 2014.
D. It was played most frequently in Massachusetts.

D

For several decades,there has been an organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science,funded by those whose interests are threatened by the findings of modern science.In response,scientists have tended to stress the success of science.After all,scientists have been right about most things,from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.
Stressing successes isn't wrong,but for many people it's not persuasive.An alternative answer to the question "Why trust science？" is that scientists use the so-called scientific method.But what is called the scientific method isn't what scientists actually do.Science is dynamic：new methods get invented；old ones get abandoned；and at any particular point,scientists can be found doing many different things.False theories sometimes lead to true results,so even if an experiment works,it doesn't prove that the theory it was designed to test is true.
If there is no specific scientific method,then what is the basis for trust in science？The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated.A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists.Scientists draft the initial version of a paper and then send it to colleagues for suggestions.Until this point,scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly.But the next step is different：the revised paper is submitted to a scientific journal,where things get a whole lot tougher.Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors,and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other faults.We call this process "peer review" because the reviewers are scientific peers-experts in the same field-but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the responsibility to find fault.It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper will be printed in the journal and enters the body of "science."
Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are "always changing their minds." While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed,they do exist.But the beauty of this scientific process is that science produces both creativity and stability.New observations,ideas,explanations and attempts to combine competing claims introduce creativity；transformative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge.

12.Why do scientists stress the success of science？ ______

A. promote basic knowledge of science
B. remove possible doubts about science
C. remind people of scientific achievements
D. show their attitude towards the campaign

13.Which of the following best describes the so-called scientific method？ ______

A. It's an easy job to prove its existence.
B. It usually agrees with scientists' ideas.
C. It hardly gets mixed with false theories.
D. It constantly changes and progresses.

14.What do we know about the "peer review" mentioned in the 3rd paragraph？ ______

A. It is usually conducted by unfriendly experts.
B. It seldom gives negative evaluation of a paper.
C. It aims to perfect the paper to be published.
D. It happens at the beginning of the evaluation process.

15.What can we learn from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？ ______

A. it is not uncommon for science to be overturned
B. changes bring creativity and stability to science
C. people lose faith in those changeable scientists
D. scientists are very strong in changing their minds

How to Relax Your Mind There are many techniques,if you wish to relax your mind.
Breathe in ...breathe out ...
By controlling the air taken in or breathed out,you can control your anger and,thus,your stress.Just be in a comfortable position,either sitting on a chair or lying down.Then slowly start taking air into your lungs,feel the gap,and then slowly sending air out,again feel the gap and start again. (1) .
(2)
A wise man said,when problems can be dealt with,why do you need to worry.And if problems can't be dealt with,how would worrying help？When the weather is getting you down,and you're not sure how to deal with the voices in your head,there isn't a better way to relax when depressed.All you need to do is slip on your comfortable sweats,pick up a few bars of chocolate,and settle down for a laughter.Fetch a DVD of your favorite,and watch it till you're out of stress.
Relax through body
This stress relief technique helps greatly,when done completely.Lie down in a comfortable position.Then,start feeling stress.Start from your feet and feel the stress there,then make that area as tense as possible,and then let go of the tension,and your feet will feel relaxed. (3) Make sure you tense your face for longer and then relax.Immediately after you do this,you will feel relaxed.
Get some sleep
Sometimes you may be tense and getting to many thoughts,and feel physically tired as well.Then just go to bed,and let the body carry out the natural process of relaxing.A good nap for 1-2 hours should be good.
Sit silently and do nothing
(4) There will be a hundred thoughts running in your mind,but remain unattached by just watching the thoughts.
This was all about how to relax your mind. (5) You'll see which works best for you,and use these techniques to get rid of mental tensions easily in stressful situations.

A.Watch a comedy movie
B.Don't worry about the problems
C.Relaxation should not be last on the to-do list.
D.Continue doing this exercise for 5 minutes,and you will feel relaxed.
E.Once you have found a comfortable position,close your eyes and do nothing.
F.So,try out these easy-to-perform relaxation techniques.
G.Then,move from feet to knees,hips,lower back,upper back,hands,shoulders and finally your face.

16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

The most important lesson I learned in high school was not about mathematics or American history.It came at graduation,several minutes before I left New York High School.
I was rather shy back then,content to(21)around with my few friends and to focus on my(22).I was doing so well that by the end of senior year I had excellent scores and enough(23)to attend college.
But my good record soon became a(24)to my well-being.In early June of senior year,the headmaster called me into his office.He asked me to give a leave-taking speech at graduation.I looked at him,my heart(25)fast.This was the(26)for my hard work？I said something,but not very clearly,and hurried away from the office.
I was(27)about the decision,finally agreeing to give a speech.I wasn't the only speaker-I would(28)the honor with five other students.Still,it was doubtful whether the task was(29)me.How in the world would I give a speech to hundreds of people？
Graduation day soon approached and,as(30).I was nervous.I'd been practicing my speech for days,and I had it(31).But I had never been so(32) in my life.The first half hour of the ceremony passed,and then my(33) came.My name was announced.I managed to reach the platform without falling down.But within minutes,I finished my speech,(34) back to my seat and feeling unsatisfied with my performance.
Now I still have the(35)of that speech.My voice trembled a little,but(36)it was clear and strong.I'm proud of that tape.I achieved something I'd never(37)before I spoke in front of hundreds of people.(38)I didn't realize it at the time,the successful completion of that speech gave me the(39) to participate in class at college,to give oral reports,and to eventually break free of my(40).
I never would have chosen to give a speech at graduation.But I'm delighted I did.I know it may well turn out to be one of my shining moments.

21.A. hang B. look C. walk D. run

22.A. characters B. interests C. subjects D. games

23.A. money B. standards C. time D. credits

24.A. luck B. fear C. benefit D. solution

25.A. burning B. breaking C. aching D. beating

26.A. punishment B. reward C. arrangement D. sympathy

27.A. doubtful B. optimistic C. hesitant D. generous

28.A. give B. bring C. spare D. share

29.A. beyond B. for C. upon D. about

30.A. known B. hoped C. planned D. expected

31.A. thrown B. memorized C. printed D. completed

32.A. interested B. excited C. terrified D. disappointed

33.A. clay B. moment C. chance D. decision

34.A. heading B. passing C. returning D. going

35.A. picture B. tape C. paper D. word

36.A. mostly B. immediately C. frankly D. partially

37.A. requested B. made C. decided D. dreamed

38.A. Although B. When C. Because D. Unless

39.A. respect B. confidence C. freedom D. excuse

40.A. stupidity B. pride C. shyness D. courage

41.After orbiting Earth for six months,the three crew members of China's Shenzhou XIII mission（使命）have departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, (1) （ finish） the nation's longest manned spaceflight.
Major General Zhai Zhigang, (2) was the mission commander,Senior Colonel Wang Yaping and Senior Colonel Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time (3) the half-year space journey as ground recovery personnel （全体职员） opened the hatch （舱门） of their reentry capsule （返回舱） at 10：03 am.
Zhai and his crewmates spent 183 days in (4) orbit about 400 kilometers above the Earth since their Shenzhou XIII spacecraft (5) （ launch）on Oct 16 by a Long March 2 F carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.They were the second inhabitants （居民） of China's permanent space station named Tiangong.
So far the crew (6) （set）a new record for China's (7) （ long）spaceflight,almost doubling the previous record of 92 days (8) （ create）by their peers in the Shenzhou XII mission who travelled with Tiangong from mid-June to mid-September last year.
In early February,the astronauts spent Spring Festival inside the orbiting station,becoming the first Chinese people (9) （celebrate） the country's most important traditional festival in outer space.They appeared in a live broadcast gala （庆典） and sent their best (10) （ wish） to Chinese people.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I was staying in a small village in Turkey.The countryside around the village is very beautiful so I decided to go for a walk.I had been walking for about a hour and a half while suddenly I slipped and fell down a riverbank.I hurted my ankle and I couldn't stand up.I didn't know how I could get back the village.I hadn't told anyone where I was going,but no one would know where to look for me when they realized I was missed.I began to worry about that I might have to stay there all night.I had no water or food and no warm clothes.I was very frighten.Lucky,a couple of hours later,a young boy came past on a horse.He lifted me onto the animal and took me back to the village.

从媒体上你得知一个名叫琳琳的四川女孩，由于疫情家庭无力让琳琳继续上学，你决定资助琳琳上学。琳琳喜欢说英语，请你用英语给她写一封信。内容包括：
1.介绍自己及爱好；
2.鼓励她坚持学习。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.题目和首句已为你写好。
Hello Linlin,
My name is Xiao Guang and I'm really pleased to help you stay at school.________
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Guang
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、B、D

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据Full Professor in Theatre and Dance部分Applicants must work for us for at least 10 months.Significant professional experience is required.This position is expected to teach at both graduate and undergraduate levels.（申请人必须为我们工作至少10个月。需要重要的专业经验。该职位将教研究生和本科生。）可知，戏剧和舞蹈的正教授需要许多专业经验。故选C。
（2）B.细节理解题。根据Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts部分DeSales University's Performing and Fine Arts Department seeks a highly skilled,professional technical director.（德萨勒斯大学的表演和美术系寻求一位高技能，专业的技术主任。）Please email materials to john.bell@desales.edu.（请寄邮件到John.bell@desales.edu.）可知，如果想做技术主任，可以联系john.bell@desales.edu.。故选B。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据Assistant Director-media Resources Center部分Maryland Institute College of Art is seeking an Assistant Director of Media Resources Center in the Academic Affairs Division.Qualifications for the position include a degree in Art History or related fields with a knowledge of art and design history,library experience,excellent interpersonal and communication skills and familiarity with Photoshop and scanning.（马里兰艺术学院正在寻找学术事务部媒体资源中心的助理主任。该职位的资格包括艺术史或相关领域的学位，具有艺术和设计史知识，图书馆经验，出色的人际关系和沟通技巧以及熟悉Photoshop和扫描。）可知，Maryland Institute College of Art需要人际关系和沟通的技巧。故选D。
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍4个职位招聘的信息和要求。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】D、B、A、B

【解析】（1）D.观点态度题。根据文章第四段中的Throughoutthelessonsignoringthecuriouswomenaroundhim,themancarefullylistenedandwroteeverythingdownhelearned（在整个课程中，男人无视周围好奇的女人，认真听讲并记下他学到的所有。）可知，这个男人对那些好奇的女人漠不关心的。A.Curious好奇的；B.Annoyed恼怒的；C.Nervous紧张的；D.Indifferent漠不关心的。故选D。
（2）B.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的Butthistime,itwasbeyondhimthathisclasswasattendedbyamanaswell.（但这一次，让他无法理解的是，他的课上也有一个男人。）可知，化妆师这次也不知道为什么会有一个男人来上课。故选B。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Fearingbeinglaughedat,shelockedherselfinherroom,abandoningherselftogreatgrief.（害怕被嘲笑，她把自己锁在房里，沉浸在悲痛中。）可知，男人的妻子把自己锁在房间中，沉浸在悲痛中。以及hedeterminedtolearntomakeupwithoutthehesitation,hopingtomakeadifference.（他毫不犹豫地决定学习化妆，希望有所改变。）可知，这个男子希望通过学习化妆来改变妻子的状态，让她可以变得高兴。故选A。
（4）B.标题归纳题。根据文章的主要内容可知，本文主要讲述一个男人的妻子由于患病导致部分失明而不能化妆，因害怕被嘲笑而沉浸在悲伤中，这个男人为了使妻子振作起来，去学习了化妆。故选项B.Themakeupguy.（一个化妆的男子）可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个男人的妻子由于患病导致部分失明而不能化妆，这个男人为了使妻子振作起来从而学习化妆。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8~11.【答案】B、D、A、B

【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据文章第一段keep in mind that it wasn't anywhere in West Virginia that inspired the great hit,but rather a road in Montgomery County. （请记住，不是西弗吉尼亚的任何地方，而是蒙哥马利县的一条公路激发了这一伟大的成功。）第五段No word on why Maryland lost out to West Virginia in the lyrics. （歌词中没有提到为什么马里兰输给了西弗吉尼亚州。）可知，Montgomery Country 位于Maryland,是该郡的Copper Road 激发了Bill Danoff 创作Take Me Home,Country Roads。故选B。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据文章第三段When we first sang the song together,"Danoff wrote,"it seemed as though the audience would never stop applauding.（当我们第一次一起唱这首歌的时候，"Danoff写道，"观众们似乎一直在鼓掌。"）可知，当这首歌被公开首唱时就深受观众的欢迎。故选D。
（3）A.段落大意题。根据文章第五段Perhaps "Maryland" just doesn't sound like the countryside as its western neighbor.More likely,the three syllables（音节）that make up our state's name just don't fit the meter the songwriters had worked out. （也许"马里兰"听起来不像它西部的邻居那样具有乡村风。更有可能的是，组成我们州名字的三个音节并不符合词曲作者的创作节奏。）可知，本段主要给出了作者认为的Take Me Home,Country Roads这首歌的歌词里没有使用Maryland的两个原因。故选A。
（4）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段A song to Massachusetts also would never have been named a state song of West Virginia,a status "Take Me Home,Country Roads" has enjoyed since 2014．（一首写给马萨诸塞州的歌曲也永远不会被命名为西弗吉尼亚州的州歌，而《乡村之路，带我回家》自2014年以来一直享有这种地位。）可知，Take Me Home,Country Roads这首歌是West Virginia 的州歌。故选B。
本文为一篇记叙文，文章介绍了著名乡村音乐Take Me Home,Country Roads的创作背景。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。

12~15.【答案】B、D、C、B

【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段中的For several decades,there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science,funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science.（几十年来，有一个广泛的、有组织的运动，目的是产生对科学的不信任，由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助，他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁。）由此可知，人们发现对科学的不信任是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁，故选B。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned.The scientific method doesn't always work.（科学是活跃的，新方法被发明，旧方法被抛弃，所以科学的方法并不总是有效的。）由此可知，作者可能会同意"科学方法不一定有效，因为科学正在发生变化"这一说法，故选D。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的We call this process peer review because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault.It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of science.（我们称这个过程为同行评审，因为评审人员是科学上的同行，但是他们扮演着上级的角色，有权利也有义务找出错误，只有在审稿人和编辑满意之后，任何问题都得到了解决，论文才会被接受发表并进入科学领域。）由此可知，在评估一项科学声明时，同行评审的主要目的是这一科学论断可以在科学领域上发表并被认为是正确的，故选C。
（4）B.句意猜测题。根据最后一段中New observations,ideas,explanations and attempts to combine competing claims introduce creativity；transformative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge.（新的发现，想法，解释和尝试将相互竞争的观点结合起来，带来了创造力；变革性的质疑导致集体决策和科学知识的稳定性）可知，划线句子的意思是：改变促成了科学的创新和相对稳定性。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对科学的两种观点，即：相信科学和不信任科学。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】D、A、G、E、F

【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。上文Justbeinacomfortableposition,eithersittingonachairorlyingdown.Thenslowlystarttakingairintoyourlungs,feelthegap,andthenslowlysendingairout,againfeelthegapandstartagain.（保持舒适的姿势，要么坐在椅子上，要么躺下。然后慢慢地将空气吸入肺部，感受间隙，然后慢慢地将空气排出，再次感受间隙，然后重新开始。）说明了呼吸练习的过程，选项DContinuedoingthisexercisefor5minutes,andyouwillfeelrelaxed.
（继续做这个练习5分钟，你会感到放松。）符合语境，其中this exercise对应上文中的呼吸练习。故选D。
（2）A.主旨大意题。横线处是小标题，要选祈使句与其他小标题保持一致。根据下文Allyouneedtodoissliponyourcomfortablesweats,pickupafewbarsofchocolate,andsettledownforalaughter.FetchaDVDofyourfavorite,andwatchittillyou'reoutofstress.（你所需要做的就是穿上舒适的汗衫，拿起几块巧克力，然后坐下来大笑。拿一张你最喜欢的DVD，看着它直到你摆脱压力。）可知本段提的建议是看喜剧电影，故A项Watchacomedymovie（看一部喜剧电影）符合语境。故选A。
（3）G.推理判断题。根据上文Startfromyourfeetandfeelthestressthere,thenmakethatareaastenseaspossible,andthenletgoofthetension,andyourfeetwillfeelrelaxed.（从你的脚开始，感受那里的压力，然后让这个区域尽可能地紧张，然后释放压力，你的脚就会感到放松。）及下文Makesureyoutenseyourfaceforlongerandthenrelax.（确保你的脸长时间紧张，然后放松。）可知，横线处需要从脚到脸的过度，故G项Then,movefromfeettoknees,hips,lowerback,upperback,hands,shouldersandfinallyyourface.（然后，从脚到膝盖、臀部、下背部、上背部、手、肩膀，最后到脸。）符合语境。故选G。
（4）E.推理判断题。本段小标题为 Sitsilentlyanddonothing（静坐不动），根据下文Therewillbeahundredthoughtsrunninginyourmind,butremainunattachedbyjustwatchingthethoughts.（你的脑海里会有上百个想法，但仅仅通过观察这些想法就可以保持独立。）可知，横线处讲如何静坐不动，所以E项Onceyouhavefoundacomfortableposition,closeyoureyesanddonothing.（一旦你找到了一个舒适的姿势，闭上眼睛什么也不做。）符合语境。故选E。
（5）F.推理判断题。结合上文Thiswasallabouthowtorelaxyourmind.（这都是关于如何放松你的思想。）及下文You'llseewhichworksbestforyou,andusethesetechniquestogetridofmentaltensionseasilyinstressfulsituations.（你会看到哪种方法最适合你，并使用这些技巧在压力环境中轻松摆脱精神紧张。）可知F项So,tryouttheseeasy-to-performrelaxationtechniques.（所以，试试这些简单易行的放松技巧。）承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
这是一篇说明文，作者就如何放松人的思想提出了几条建议。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~40.【答案】A、C、D、B、D、B、C、D、A、D、B、C、B、A、B、A、D、A、B、C

【解析】（1）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.hang悬挂；B.look看；C.walk步行；D.run跑。根据上下文可知，因为作者快要毕业了，并且也取得了好成绩，因此此处的意思应该是：很满意地到处闲逛，hangaround闲逛。故选A。
（2）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.characters特点；B.interests兴趣；C.subjects课程；D.games游戏；C.subjects课程。根据上文可知，作者是即将毕业的高中生，所以句中doingsowell指的应是他的功课。故选C。
（3）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.money钱；B.standards标准；C.time时间；D.credits学分。根据本句"Ihadexcellentscores"我获得了较高的分数。可知，此处的意思应是有足够的学分去上大学。故选D。
（4）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.luck运气；B.fear恐惧；C.benefit收益；D.solution解决方案。根据下文校长让我在毕业典礼上演讲后，我没说清楚什么，就从办公室匆忙离开了。可知，我很恐惧，因此此处的意思是：我的好分数不久后变成了自己的恐惧。故选B。
（5）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.burning燃烧；B.breaking破坏；C.aching疼痛；D.beating跳动，殴打。根据下文对我紧张情绪的描述。可知，此处表示我看着校长时，心跳在加速。故选D。
（6）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.punishment惩罚；B.reward奖励；C.arrangement安排；D.sympathy同情。根据语境可知，校长安排我发表毕业演讲，应该是对我努力学习的鼓励与奖赏。故选B。
（7）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.doubtful可疑的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.hesitant犹豫不决的；D.generous慷慨的。根据上文紧张的话都说不清楚以及下文"finallyagreeingtogiveaspeech"最终决定妥协可知，这里应是说作者一开始犹豫不决。故选C。
（8）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.give给予；B.bring带来；C.spare留出；D.share分享。根据前一句我不是唯一的演讲者。可知，此处的意思应是：我还要和其他五位同学分享这个荣誉。故选D。
（9）A.考查介词及语境理解。A.beyond超越；B.for为了；C.upon在...之上；D.about关于。根据下一句我究竟将如何在数百人面前演讲。可知，这里表示我仍然在怀疑这项任务是否超出自己的能力。故选A。
（10）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.known知道；B.hoped希望；C.planned计划；D.expected预料，期望。根据前后句可知，毕业那一天到来了，正如预料的那样，我很紧张。故选D。
（11）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.thrown投掷；B.memorized记忆；C.printed印刷；D.completed完成。根据前一句这些天我一直在反复练习演讲。可知，此处应表示我已经将它记住了。故选B。
（12）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.interested感兴趣的；B.excited兴奋的；C.terrified害怕的；D.disappointed失望的。结合上下文可知，作者对于演讲这件事一直感到紧张与恐惧，所以这里是说自己从来没有如此害怕过。故选C。
（13）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.clay泥土，躯体；B.moment瞬间；C.chance机会；D.decision决定。根据前后句可知，典礼的前半小时过去了，然后叫到了我的名字；因此中间一句应是：我上场的时候到了，此处指的是某一时刻。故选B。
（14）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.eading向前；B.passing通过；D.returning返回；D.going离开。结合上下文可知，由于作者过于紧张，几分钟之后就回到了自己的座位上。故选A。
（15）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.picture图片；B.tape磁带；C.paper纸张；D.word字。根据下文"I'mproudofthattape"我为那盘录音带感到骄傲。可知，此处应指作者仍然有当时那次演讲的录音带。故选B。
（16）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.mostly大部分；B.immediately立即；C.frankly坦白地说；D.partially部分。根据前一句描述了作者的声音虽然有点儿颤抖。可知，此处的意思应表示转折即：但是大部分还是清晰有力。故选A。
（17）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.requested请求；B.made制造；C.decided决定；D.dreamed梦见。根据上文提到的作者以前很害羞，对于演讲很紧张并且恐惧，可知此处应表示：作者获得了自己从没有梦想过的东西。故选D。
（18）A.考查连词及语境理解。A.Although尽管；B.When什么时候；C.Because因为；D.Unless除非。根据下一句成功地完成的那次演讲给予了我。可知，此处应表示转折即：尽管作者当时并没有意识到，但那次的成功却给予了作者信心。故选A。
（19）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.respect尊重；B.confidence信心；C.freedom自由，D.excuse借口。根据句意可知，那次演讲给予了作者学习大学课程、做口头报告的信心。故选B。
（20）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.stupidity愚蠢；B.pride骄傲；C.shyness害羞；D.courage勇气。根据上文讲到作者获得了自信心可知，此处应表示作者最终摆脱了害羞的心理。故选C。
本文主要讲述了作者自己在高中毕业典礼上演讲的难忘经历。由于作者学习成绩优良，因此校长选他在毕业典礼上做演讲。当时作者是一个很害羞的人，当想到要在几百人面前演讲时，他感到非常的紧张与恐惧，但经过作者几天的不懈努力，终于在毕业典礼上成功地完成了演讲。这次演讲使得作者克服了害羞紧张的心理，最终成了一名拥有自信心的人。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。作出正确的选择。

41.【答案】【小题1】finishing

【小题2】who

【小题3】after

【小题4】an

【小题5】was launched

【小题6】has/have set

【小题7】longest

【小题8】created

【小题9】to celebrate

【小题10】wishes

【解析】（1）finishing.考查现在分词。句意：在绕地球飞行6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。指前面句子的直接结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语，故填finishing。
（2）who.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上午10点03分，地面回收人员打开返回舱舱门，任务总指挥翟志刚少将、王亚平大校、叶光福大校在为期半年的太空之旅后首次呼吸到新鲜空气。先行词为人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。
（3）after.考查介词。句意：上午10点03分，地面回收人员打开返回舱舱门，任务总指挥翟志刚少将、王亚平大校、叶光福大校在为期半年的太空之旅后首次呼吸到新鲜空气。表示"在……之后"，后跟名词，所以用介词after,故填after。
（4）an.考查冠词。句意：自神舟十三号飞船于10月16日由长征二号F运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心发射以来，翟志刚和他的队友们在距离地球400公里的轨道上飞行了183天。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，orbit是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
（5）was launched.考查动词时态语态。句意：自神舟十三号飞船于10月16日由长征二号F运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心发射以来，翟志刚和他的队友们在距离地球400公里的轨道上飞行了183天。since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时态，launch和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为单数名词，故填was launched。
（6）has/have set.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，航天员们创造了中国最长太空飞行的新记录，几乎是去年6月中旬至9月中旬神舟十二号创造的92天的记录的两倍。so far常和现在完成时态连用，crew作主语，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。此处都可以，谓语动词故填has/have set。
（7）longest.考查形容词最高级。句意：到目前为止，航天员们创造了中国最长太空飞行的新记录，几乎是去年6月中旬至9月中旬神舟十二号创造的92天的记录的两倍。表示"最长的"，前面有表示范围的词，所以用形容词最高级，故填longest。
（8）created.考查过去分词。句意：到目前为止，航天员们创造了中国最长太空飞行的新记录，几乎是去年6月中旬至9月中旬神舟十二号创造的92天的记录的两倍creat和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填created。
（9）to celebrate.考查动词不定式的。句意：二月初，宇航员们在轨道空间站内度过了春节，成为第一个在太空庆祝中国最重要的传统节日的中国人。序数词+名词，后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to celebrate。
（10）wishes.考查可数名词的复数。句意：他们出现在现场直播晚会上，并向中国人民致以最美好的祝愿。wish表示"祝愿"，常用复数，故填wishes。
本文为新闻报道，主要讲述了中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

42.【答案】IwasstayinginasmallvillageinTurkey.Thecountrysidearoundthevillage verybeautifulsoIdecidedtogoforawalk.I beenwalkingforabout hourandahalf suddenlyIslippedandfelldownariverbank.IhurtedmyankleandIcouldn'tstandup.Ididn'tknowhowIcouldgetback∧ thevillage.Ihadn'ttoldanyonewhereIwasgoing, noonewouldknowwheretolookformewhentheyrealizedIwas .IbegantoworryaboutthatImighthavetostay allnight.Ihadnowaterorfoodandnowarmclothes.Iwasvery . ，acoupleofhourslater,ayoungboycamepastonahorse.Heliftedmeontotheanimalandtookmebacktothevillage.
详解：
1.very前面的is改为was.考查动词时态。句意：村子周围的乡村非常漂亮，所以我决定去散步。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词表示的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故将is改为was。
2.had改为have.考查动词时态。句意：我走了大约一个半小时，突然我滑倒了，从河岸上摔了下来。分析句子可知，主句考查的时态为现在完成进行时，表示的是"walking"这个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，有可能还会继续下去，故用现在完成进行时，故将had改为have。
3.a改为an.考查不定冠词。句意：我走了大约一个半小时，突然我滑倒了，从河岸上摔了下来。分析句子可知，hour为名词，且是以元音音素开头，故应该用不定冠词an来修饰名词hour,符合题意。故将a改为an。
4.while改为when。考查连词。句意：我走了大约一个半小时，突然我滑倒了，从河岸上摔了下来。分析句子可知，这里主要考查的是when的特殊用法，即be doing...when表突然性，故将while改为when。
5.在back后加to.考查固定搭配。句意：我不知道我怎样才能回到村子了。分析句子可知，"go back to+地点"意为"回到某地"，为固定搭配。故在back后加to。
6.but改为and.考查连词。句意：我没有告诉任何人我要去哪里，当他们意识到我失踪时，没有人会知道在哪里找我。分析句子可知，"Ihadn'ttoldanyonewhereIwasgoing"和"noonewouldknowwheretolookformewhentheyrealizedIwasmissed"这两句话之间属于并列的关系，而but为转折连词，故将but改为and。
7.missed改为missing.考查形容词。句意：我没有告诉任何人我要去哪里，当他们意识到我失踪时，没有人会知道在哪里找我。分析句子可知，was为be动词，后接形容词作表语。其中missing意为"失踪的"，符合题意。故将missed改为missing。
8.there改为here.考查副词。句意：我开始担心我可能不得不在这里呆一整夜。分析句子可知，句子所表达的意思是"作者要在摔倒的这个地方周围待着，作者脚踝受伤了，哪里也去不了"，here意为"这里"，符合题意。故将there改为here。
9.frighten改为frightened.考查形容词。句意：我非常害怕。分析句子可知，此处指人害怕的，所以要用形容词frightened；而frightening是指令人害怕的，通常用来修饰物，不符合题意。故将frighten改为frightened。
10.Lucky改为Luckily.考查副词。句意：幸运的是，几个小时后，一个小男孩骑着马走了过来。他把我抱到马背上，把我带回村子里。分析句子可知，此处应该填一个副词，luckily为副词，意为"幸运的是"，在句子中作状语，修饰后面的一整句话，符合题意。故将Lucky改为Luckily。

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者在土耳其的一个小山村里看风景的时候，一不小心从河岸上跌倒了伤了脚踝，作者无法回村子了，并且幸运的是最终在一个小男孩的帮助下，作者骑在马背上，然后回到村子的故事。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。

43.【答案】Hello Linlin,
My name is Xiao Guang and I'm really pleased to help you stay at school.I've heard that you love practising English,andso do I.【高分句型一】（表达高兴的心情）
Let me tell you a bit about myself.I'm 16 years old and I go to No 19Middle School in Zhengzhou.My favourite subjects at school are maths and science.I have a great group of friends that I play soccer with every lunchtime.In my spare time I like going to the movies and reading.（介绍自己及爱好）
I hope you will keep on studying no matter how hard life is.Don't forget I am by your side though I can not fly there to stay withyou.I have been raising money and collecting useful items for you,which will be sent to you as soon as possible.【高分句型二】（鼓励她坚持学习）
Wish you all the best.And feel free to contact me if you need any more help.（表达祝愿）
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Guang

【解析】高分句型一
I've heard that you love practising English,andso do I.
翻译：我听说你喜欢练习英语，我也是。
分析：句子里，that引导宾语从句you love practising English；so do I是部分倒装句。
高分句型二
I have been raising money and collecting useful items for you,which will be sent to you as soon as possible.
翻译：我一直在为你筹款和收集有用的物品，这些物品将尽快寄给你。
分析：句子里，关系词which引导非限制性定语从句will be sent to you as soon as possible。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。